Home

Puneet · Nayyar

Recent Entries · Archive · Friends · User Info

* * *
* * *

The white stuff is whipped cream... had it after lunch and dinner on all days during my stay at Mahabaleshwar
* * *
Watched a movie on the first day of release after a long time. Couldn’t help myself but review it for the two people who visit this page.

First things first. It is Dhirubhai’s life story. A bit changed here and there but it involves a village born uneducated youth, his foreign trip, his polyester mills, opposition by a parsi business family to his business, a paralysis attack and his wife and two children behind him at the shareholder meets (a la warrior brothers in 80s). It also shows the corruption endorsed by the man to get his way around in the license raj. However, adequate sugar coating is applied in the end to appease all parties.

About the movie and direction – Movie is very gripping in parts but songs often obstruct the flow. On hearing the album, it seemed that the movie had just a handful of songs (the music company gave a free disc to make up for the lack of songs) but these were enough to ruin the movie. The songs are thrown in abruptly and irritate the viewers. Even the actors in these songs are listless and look like they were forced to perform. How many times have you seen an actress stand in front of a waterfall on the top of a big rock and dance? Even the masti of Bhapi da’s bhang number is lost on screen. More about this later. Except the placement of songs and missing a few details (rear defogger in a 80s car!!), Mani sir does fine. However at times it looks like that some parts of the movie have been chopped off to fit the movie in the three-hour show time.

Rajeev Menon disappoints. To me, he is the king cinematographer. He can make barren landscapes look beautiful. In this movie he had a lot of scope. He had Turkey, a beautiful village, Bombay in 80’s to show, but he disappoints. All he does is move the camera up and down. There is a scene where camera moves up in the frame and for a fraction of a second you can see the sun in the camera. The steam of the engine wets the lens once. The biggest letdown to me was the village temple. It was in a cave of a mountain with a lake on the side. A lot of shots were in front of the cave overlooking the lake but never once Menon could capture the beauty of both the cave and lake in one frame. Perhaps this was the place where he needed a higher angle!

The actors – Mani tries to capture the Roja magic with Aishwarya Rai. Same locale, similar character and with the similar song for the entry - the village lass singing at the village waterfall. She fails when compared to Madhu. Aish gives the feeling that she is being made to do this against her wishes. She tries to show emotions but nothing comes out. Although she improves as the movie goes on.
It could have been Abhishek Bachchan’s movie. He is there in every frame of the movie. In the first half he is fantastic. All the scenes come naturally to him. Just before the second half starts, it seems that the ghost of Vijay Dinanath Chouhan came and bit his brains off. From that point onwards, small B copies the big B shamelessly. The droopy lips are formed, the hand is rested on the side of the waist and every dialogue has a ‘haih’ in it. Not that he has done it badly. He has done a fine job copying his dad but misses out on the scope to do something original and perhaps something big.
He has gained a lot of weight to portray the middle age businessman and he makes sure that the viewers get to know that the weight has been gained and it is not the padding by going topless and showing off his paunch. So much for showoff. No subtleties involved.
Mithun da shines. He has a significant role and he portrays it magnificently. Shows us glimpses of the actor that he once was. He easily outshines all other actors in the film.
Vidya Balan has been wasted. She plays the insignificant character that has been created just to tie all the main characters together. She is adequate in whatever she has been made to do. Madhavan has a small role and most of his screen space is shared with Mithun. I was so overawed by Mithun that I hardly noticed Madhavan in those scenes. The rest of the support cast is good, especially Manoj Joshi as the faithful friend. He has been growing as an actor since Sarfarosh and hopefully will get more significant roles soon. Just a word about the child actor that plays Abhishek Bachchan. He looks nothing like what small B would have looked when he was a child and moreover that boy lacks the energy that Abhishek brings on the screen. A very very poor choice. Bring over Mayur’s son J.

The music is good. Rehman does the usual and impresses again. Maybe Gulzar can get a little less aka Galib and make the lyrics more coherent. For a moment I thought that PK Mishra is back.

Overall, a larger than life story, well told. Mani Ratnam is known for making good films and this one was meant to be a movie that inspires the viewers, and at some level, it does. Definitely a once watch. The movie would be known for Abhishek Bachchan’s missed opportunity and Mithun da’s comeback.
Rating-6.5/10

Tags:

Current Location:
Home
Current Mood:
pensive pensive
Current Music:
Barso Re - Guru
* * *
* * *

If you haven't seen this....
* * *

Just didn't want Indian MJ to be left alone, so here comes the Indian superman with... ahem.. spideygirl!!
* * *
* * *
NEVER WRONG
Marnie Alexis Friedman
 
“Again? Howie, no, really, I don’t think that’s right.”
“Of course it is, Miranda. It was a unanimous decision.”
“Howie, it’s been me for four years running. Surely there’s one other person at the company who’s made some bit of difference.”
“Everyone else’s job is pure rote, nowadays. Sure, some of the members of the actuarial team are still calculating weighted-average rates for ‘just-in-case’ scenarios, but that work has been entirely theoretical, because your model is never wrong. Face it – your work is the most significant thing this company – this industry – has ever seen.”
“But I didn’t do anything this year. The first year, sure, I guess I deserved it; that’s when
I built the model. But since then, all I’ve done is tweak it a little, optimize things, automate a bit more. Nothing substantive.”
“Miranda, the decision is final. You are the 2021 Employee of the Year, whether you like it or not.”
* * *
 
“So…would you mind? He really wants to meet you – you’re like a rock star to him.
He’s the only kid I know who said he wanted to be an actuary from the time he was six years old.”
She choked back a snort, remembering how actuarial work had been her last choice, a field she’d chosen only when it became clear that her ailing parents would need more monetary support than the meager stipend offered to graduate students. “Of course. I’d be delighted. Let me know what’s a convenient day.”
“Umm…well, he’s…he’s actually here right now,” Drew stammered.
She paused. “Well then, come on over. I’ve got a meeting in an hour, but nothing pressing till then.”
“Great! Thanks! Really, thanks.”
A few minutes later, Drew and his son appeared in the doorway of her office. She rose to greet them. “Hi, come on in, I’m Miranda Stayton.”
“Miranda, this is my son Andrew.”
“Andy,” corrected the young man. He shook her hand. “It’s, like, really great to meet you.”
“Thanks,” she answered, sitting down and gesturing to him to do the same. “I understand you’re majoring in actuarial studies?”
“Yeah,” he said. “Which pretty much means I’m majoring in ‘Miranda Stayton’s Amazing Model.’ Of course, it’s all proprietary so we can’t analyze it at all, but mostly we talk about how it’s changed everything for actuaries.”
She narrowed her eyes at him. “But you’re still covering the basics, right? Life Contingencies, Theory of Interest…”
“Oh, yeah, sure. But they told us we’ll only need it if we work for one of Duckrene Life’s competitors.” He laughed. “But your only competitors are the companies you don’t want to buy, right? So it’s, like, hardly worth learning.” He noticed her expression and anticipated the interruption she was about to make. “No, no, I’m totally learning it. Gotta pass the exams, right? But I mean, that’s all it’s for. I’m out in two years, and hopefully Duckrene’ll hire me straight outta school.”
She nodded, smiled briefly. “Good luck to you. You know we won’t hire actuarial students who haven’t demonstrated exam success. But we also won’t hire people without a firm understanding of the material on exams they’ve already passed. After all, we’re constantly refining the model. Can’t update mortality assumptions without understanding joint life probabilities, right?”
He grinned. “Alright, I’ll start paying better attention. But can I ask you one question?”
She restrained herself from pointing out that he already had. “Certainly.”
“I’ve been wondering about this a lot…Me and my friends have talked about it a little, but when we asked the professor he said he didn’t, like, waste time on impossible questions. But I was wondering…”
“Yes?” she prompted, knowing what would come next as he trailed off.
“Well…I was wondering, what happens if your model is ever wrong?”
“Andy!” Drew cut in angrily. “Her model is never wrong.” He glanced at Miranda apologetically. “Sorry…kids, you know?”
“But I’ve heard it was off by a few days a few different times!”
“Andy!”
“It’s alright, Drew,” she said. “Three times. Three times, the model has been off by one day.”
“Isn’t that, like, bad?” He was clearly nervous, but his relief upon asking the question that had been plaguing him was evident.
She smiled, reassuring him. “Having the model off by one day throws off my actual-to expected ratios in the eighth or ninth decimal place. We only track six decimals. So no, I don’t think a few anomalous results are so bad. Mortality never used to be measured out to the day, anyway – that’s only been possible because the PIDs transmit a signal directly to our databases upon the death of their owners. You’ve heard of IBNR, claims ‘incurred but not reported,’ right?”
Andy nodded.
“But you’ve only heard that in the context of health claims. There are no more IBNR life insurance claims, because the Personal IDs report death as soon as it’s…‘incurred.’ But Andy, to answer your question – if the model ever turns out to be wrong, we’ll fix it. That’s all. That’s why it’s so important to remember all the material from the exams – the only way to fix the model is to understand where it went wrong, and you can’t do that without a firm background in all the material.”
Andy nodded, apparently placated. Miranda could see him formulating another question, the logical follow-up, but then he glanced at his father and apparently thought better of it. “Thanks,” was all he said. “I don’t want to bother you too much; it was really nice meeting you.”
“Nice meeting you, too,” she said, standing up and shaking his hand again. “Good luck with your studies. I’ll look for your name on the pass lists.”
“Thanks again, Miranda,” said Drew, propelling his son out of the office.
Miranda sat down again at her desk, thinking of the three heart-stopping moments Andy’s question had recalled to the forefront of her memory.
Betsy Coble, languishing in the cancer ward of a top-rated hospital, her 56-year-old body not quite as feeble as the model had projected it to be. Adrian White, lawyer by day, dare-devil motorcyclist by night, whose luck had held out longer than the model predicted. Nathan
Reynolds, a nondescript man in a nondescript job whose life was notable only in that its length defied the model.
Each of them had caused her stomach to churn and her palms to sweat, had forced her home early with an excruciating migraine. And each died by the end of the day following the model’s projected date of death. Betsy had faded away painlessly as she slept. Adrian’s notorious lack of attention to detail in his nightlife meant that it came as no surprise that his brakes, the pads nearly worn away, had failed at a critical moment.
And Nathan was found in his nondescript bed, suffocated, presumably by a nondescript burglar who’d taken a nondescript television.
Miranda could hear Andy’s unasked question: What happens if you can’t fix the model? She pushed the disquieting question and the unsettling memories from her mind, then busied herself preparing for her meeting.
* * *
“Thanks, Tim. Glad to see Marketing’s on track for the new product roll-out. Alright, so that leaves…Actuarial. Miranda?”
“Things are on track. We’ve validated all the assumptions for the new product, and we’ll review actual-to-expected beginning one month after launch.”
There was a slight snicker at the word “assumptions,” and a larger one when she finished speaking.
“Great. And what are the actual-to-expected for the First Pioneer UL? It’s been a year since that launched.”
“Actual-to-expected are one, across the board.”
A few eye-rolls, one appreciative long, low whistle. “Your model’s deadon even for mortality in the Moon colonies?”
“Of course, Chuck,” cut in Toni, a twenty-year company veteran. “The model is never wrong.”
“Yet,” corrected Miranda automatically. “But it could be, and that’s why we’re tracking actual experience.”
“Alright, thanks, Miranda.” Howie regained control of the meeting with the practiced aplomb of a COO. “Anything else?” His direct reports shook their heads, glancing around. “No? Alright, you’re dismissed.
Don’t forget about the Employee of the Year dinner on Thursday.”
* * *
Returning to her office, she began writing her speech for the dinner. She looked over her speeches from previous years, and began with the same platitudes: “I’m so honored, I’m overwhelmed that the model has proven to be so useful to our company, I’m grateful to the members of my department who have improved the model in ways I would never have thought of on my own.” She wondered, briefly, if it sounded stilted always to refer to it as “the model.” On rare occasions, she called it “our model,” but she never, never referred to it as “my model” in front of anyone in the insurance industry, or the media. She hardly used the phrase at all, in fact.
She outlined her speech, focusing, as she had the previous three years, on the value of teamwork and the importance of having a staff unafraid to criticize and correct. Writing somewhat by rote, she was jolted back to her senses when the computer gave a distinctive set of beeps. An alert message popped up on the screen, simply a number: “410136788.”
Toggling her screen over to the always-running terminal for the model, she entered the policy number, adjusting it with her own personal code of adding one to the first digit, two to the second, and so on.
Policy: 533582467
Owner: Burlock, Taylor, Mr.
Address1: 117 Cardinal Circle
Address2: n/a
Address3: Liliorat, MA 02384
DOB: 11/17/1967
PDOD: 12/12/2021
ADOD: n/a
As she’d feared – well, known, based on the distinctive computer beeps – the policyholder’s projected date of death was yesterday, but he wasn’t actually dead yet.
A quick inquiry on the policy documents revealed that the not-yet-late Mr. Burlock was a senior executive at Pharm Phresh, a leading drug manufacturer. Miranda hurriedly Net searched the company, and found that it was in the midst of a battle royale with its leading competitor; each company had accused its rival of corporate espionage. Dirty, underhanded tactics had been used so much in the long-ongoing fight that the NewsNet hardly bothered reporting on it anymore.
* * *
She buzzed her assistant, complained of a migraine, grabbed her purse and briefcase, and left the office. Stepping into her transport, she tapped the “Home” icon and let the craft propel itself through the mild, prerush hour traffic. Minutes later, she walked into her bedroom, took her anti-migraine medication, and hoisted a different black leather briefcase over her shoulder. As she got back in her transport, she switched to “Manual Entry Mode” and typed in the address she’d memorized from the computer screen.
In half an hour, she was approaching the front door of Taylor Burlock’s split-level house. She rang the bell, and a balding man opened the door momentarily, peering at her suspiciously. “Mr. Burlock?” she asked unnecessarily, having verified that he was recently estranged from his wife and lived alone.
“Yes?”
Even as he answered, she was opening the briefcase, closing her hand around the cold metal, pulling it out, aiming it directly between his eyes.
She whispered the words she’d only said aloud three times before.
“My model is never wrong.”
And squeezed the trigger.
 
 
Current Location:
Home
Current Mood:
geeky
* * *

1979-2006
I believe in god. I really do. I also used to think that god has a reason for everything. He makes no mistakes. I have changed my opinion. He makes big mistakes. Really big ones. How do you justify a 26 year old going to sleep next to his wife and not waking up in the morning? There is always somebody to blame. The errant truck driver or the irresponsible doctor. Who is to be blamed for this? Just god. Nobody else. He made a mistake and I’m not gonna forgive him soon.

Keshav and me go back a long way. We first met when I was in 7th standard. I was the one who joined school in the middle of year and he being the class topper. Our teacher introduced us. We were friends for the next 14 years. Sharing our lives. All the fun, happiness and sadness.

Everybody I talked to and told about this news, just one thing came to his or her mind. Friend. Keshav could go up to anybody and talk. Make conversations. I think this was the reason that made him popular. I introduced him to my college friends when he was in Delhi for a short time after his engineering. He was in touch with most of them till last week. Nobody called him a friend’s friend. He was a friend. A good friend.

Another thing that I would remember him by was that he never gave a hard thought before doing something. His heart ruled over his mind. Whenever he felt like doing something, he never discussed it with anybody, just went ahead and did it. I used to admire him for that.

Today, when this news is sinking in, I can’t imagine the pain that his wife would be going through. After all that they went through, it had been just 8 months since their marriage.
What his parents would be going through?
Nobody deserves this. This should not happen to anybody. I still blame god for all this. What is he trying to prove by showing me this?

The things that I learned from this would be – Give time to people you love. Tell them you love them. They might not be there tomorrow to hear this.

Don’t work too hard. You work just for the job satisfaction and to earn money. Don’t do it on the expense of your loved ones. Don’t take time out of their time to spend in office.

Think about the future but plan for tomorrow also.

Insure yourself. So that if you are gone people aren’t financially wrecked along with emotionally.

Live your life to fullest. Do whatever that comes to you mind as long as it does not harm others or yourself. This was exactly how Keshav lived his life.


I cannot think you're not alive somewhere.
I think of you just as I did before.
No sudden gust of wind has closed the door
Or made your presence vanish in thin air.
I write you this because I know you're there;
That even after death there must be more.
So does faith one's inner sun restore
After bitter darkness few can bear.
My mind and heart have not yet lost a friend
Even though my senses are bereft,
For you remain the witness of my soul.
No mere accident our love can end
So long as I have will and memory left,
And you lie silent on some unknown shoal.
Current Mood:
sad sad
* * *
My results:
You are Spider-Man
Spider-Man
75%
Iron Man
70%
Green Lantern
60%
Robin
55%
Superman
50%
The Flash
50%
Wonder Woman
48%
Hulk
45%
Batman
35%
Supergirl
28%
Catwoman
25%
You are intelligent, witty,
a bit geeky and have great
power and responsibility.


Click here to take the "Which Superhero am I?" quiz...

* * *
For every rupee I earn, I pay 30 paise as tax (30%). When I take that 70 paise to a retaurant, I can only buy stuff worth 50.4 paise as I have to pay 20% VAT and 10% service charges.

So that means that the can of Guinness that I thought was 350 bucks actually cost me 700 bucks of my earned salary!!!

Current Mood:
crazy crazy
Current Music:
Mujhe mil jo jaye thoda paisa
* * *
What happens when you eat a cherry on top of somebody else’s ice cream and then casually remark: “I took your cherry”.
Current Mood:
embarrassed embarrassed
* * *
* * *

To get a dead tree comic I am doing this. As you can see, I really really want it.

A friend of me asked these 5 questions long long ago...

The rules:

  • Leave a comment, saying you want to be interviewed.
  • I will respond; I'll ask you five questions.
  • You'll update your journal with my five questions, and your five answers.
  • You'll include this explanation.
  • You'll ask other people five questions when they want to be interviewed.

 

1. During the past few months, major league baseball players were in the process of  negotiating with the team owners for higher minimum salaries and more fringe benefits. At  the time of the negotiations, most of the major league baseball players had salaries in the  $100,000 - $150,000 a year range. However, there were a handful of players who, via the  free agent system, earned nearly three million dollars per year. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the median and mean in describing the 'average' salary.

The handful of players are outliers. The best approach for this analysis would be finding mean, standard deviation and skewness of data. Mean and standard deviation should be found out ignoring the outliers and skewness should be visualised using curve projection. Curve projection can be done with or without the outliers. However the gradient and the main projection area should not be compromised to include outliers.

Mean : Mean is simply the average of the data. The handful of outliers would distort the mean. However this would also depend on the numbers of players in the given range, In case the outliers are less than .5%, mean can be assumed to reasonably represent the given data. However mean as a standalone figure should not be used. Using standard deviation with mean would give us a reasonable estimate of the data.

Median : Median is the middlemost value of a population. In case of this data, median would be reasonable figure if the population was more than 1000. Then the median would ignore the outliers without moving away from the middle of distribution. Median would be useful here when viewed with mode of the frequency for small ranges within the given range.


2. If you were not an actuary, would you have married Ms. Singh?

No. As much my friends might have downplayed her nuisances, I would have got sense knocked into my head somehow. It might have taken some more time though.


3. Would you have married her anyways? huh? huh? huh?

No. As I went further in my Actuarial exams, comparing Assets and Liabilities took the top priority. Now I compare them for a long future term. Sometimes 100 years.
Liabilities at that time were already more than Assets but my actuarial exams would have helped me to compare them for the long term. The Net Present Value figure would have been used in enforcing the decision.
Do I need to say more?

4. Which Hindi Movie comedian do you most identify with?

IS Johar. That deadpan humor is me.

5. Name one person/thing you love with so much passion, it actually hurts.

My Actuarial exam pass certificates. Try touching them sometime, it'll actually hurt :)


I have been a nice boy. Now do I get the comic??

Current Mood:
optimistic optimistic
Current Music:
Jerry Lee Lewis - Great Balls of Fire
* * *

Brilliant editorial in this month’s The Actuary magazine.

 

 

Get real with equations

 

 

There is a disturbing new force at work in our society. More insidious than heroin or those pirate Finding Nemo DVDs which directly fund global terrorism, it threatens to strike at everything we hold dear.

 

Rogue equations are on the loose.

 

They began innocently a couple of years ago. Quirky Christmas articles in the Sun on the area of wrapping paper required for a Toblerone and suchlike, but they were one-offs written by desperate professors to feed their starving children and make their Christmas a little less miserable.

But now the malaise seems to be spreading. Recent issues of Cosmopolitan, with formulae for the perfect relationship, the perfect boyfriend, and the perfect career, have contained more maths than The Actuary. That can’t be right. And I have a sneaking suspicion that very little of it is properly peer-reviewed. Or even makes sense.

For instance, the July issue of Company contained a test to measure your boyfriend’s vaginal quotient or ‘VQ’. For the mystified, this is a measure of one’s feminine understanding. At first I was thrilled to discover that I had a high enough VQ without compromising my PQ.
But then I began to question the validity of this measure – surely in calculating a quotient one figure has to be divided by another, but the article gave no indication as to what these may be. What about the scale of the measure? I needed more.

Digging a little deeper I turned up a seedy little underworld of backstreet academics trading equations for cash. In the old days, if you were a biscuit company wanting to get your name in the tabloids you had to go to the trouble of commissioning a bogus survey on the nation’s dunking habits. But now you can slip a mathematician a few bob and he’ll scribble down some algebra to find the perfect dunking angle before zipping off in his Lamborghini with a supermodel in the passenger seat. Pow! – instant headline. Of course, the maths doesn’t actually have to make sense. Who’s going to notice?

Dr Cliff Arnall, a health psychologist at Cardiff University, could lay a claim to being the Heidi Fleiss of this secret world. Already this year he has helped firms to find the formulae for the happiest day of the year and the best day to make a resolution. His latest offering is the formula for the perfect long weekend:

 

(C x R x ZZ)/((Tt + D) x St) + (P x Pr) >400

Where:

Tt = travel time

D = delays

C = time spent on cultural activities

R = time spent relaxing

ZZ = time spent sleeping

St = time spent in a state of stress

P = time spent packing

Pr = time spent in preparation

This is not good maths. For starters, what time units are used? Presumably they are needed to make sense of the threshold of 400 required for a fun time. It is also nonsense dimensionally, with mixed dimensions of T and T2 on the left-hand side. Finally, it implies that an infinitely good time can be had by staying at home and cutting your travel time to zero. Dr Arnall clearly enjoys packing though – perhaps he is a proper mathematician after all.

Trivializing the subject in this way cannot be helpful in the long run. It patronizes the public and can give the impression that public funds are being wasted by universities in such ‘research’. Perhaps it is just a bit of fun but in with falling numbers of students going on to study maths at higher levels we need real champions of the subject.
People who can sell the subject as a valued skill which can lead to careers that are both personally lucrative and of benefit to our economy. There is much talk of actuarial involvement in raising the level of financial awareness among the public, and as the high priests of maths we are best placed to showcase the subject as the key to a successful and rewarding career.

In the meantime, I am pleased to announce the founding of the Campaign for Real Equations. CAMRE will be a haven for like-minded individuals to grow beards, wear sandals, and extol the virtues of old-fashioned equations, identities, and functions. There will also be an annual CAMRE guide, listing places where one can be assured of equations of utmost quality, which will definitely feature The Actuary. And possibly Cosmopolitan, if it finally manages to come up with a proper formula for the perfect girl’s night in.

_ TRISTAN WALKER-BUCKTON

 

Current Mood:
mischievous mischievous
* * *




Really, Really Weird Shit




Age:11 Months

Weight: 22.5kg

Per Day Diet: 1 kg Rice and 5 liter Milk

Birth Place: India-Rajasthan



Image Hosted by ImageShack.us

* * *
If you come to this page and wonder why I don't update my blog, here is the reason :

On completion of this subject the trainee actuary will be able to:
(i) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different measures of investment risk.
1. Define the following measures of investment risk:
      variance of return
      downside semi-variance of return
      shortfall probabilities
      Value at Risk (VaR) / Tail VaR
2. Describe how the risk measures listed in (i) 1. above are related to the form of an investor's utility function.
3. Perform calculations using the risk measures listed above to compare investment opportunities.
4. Explain how the distribution of returns and the thickness of tails will influence the assessment of risk.
(ii) Describe and discuss the assumptions of mean-variance portfolio theory and its principal results.
1. Describe and discuss the assumptions of mean-variance portfolio theory.
2. Discuss the conditions under which application of mean-variance portfolio theory leads to the selection of an optimum portfolio.
3. Calculate the expected return and risk of a portfolio of many risky assets, given the expected return, variance and covariance of returns of the individual assets, using mean-variance portfolio theory.
4. Explain the benefits of diversification using mean-variance portfolio theory.
5. Explain what is meant by: opportunity set, efficient frontier, indifference curves and the optimum portfolio, in the context of mean-variance portfolio theory.
(iii) Describe and discuss the properties of single and multifactor models of asset returns.
1. Describe the three types of multifactor models of asset returns:
macroeconomic models
fundamental factor models
statistical factor models
2. Discuss the single index model of asset returns.
3. Discuss the concepts of diversifiable and non-diversifiable risk.
4. Discuss the construction of the different types of multifactor models.
5. Perform calculations using both single and multi-factor models
(iv) Describe asset pricing models, discussing the principal results and assumptions and limitations of such models.
1. Describe the assumptions and the principal results of the Sharpe-Lintner-Mossin Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
2. Discuss the limitations of the basic CAPM and some of the attempts that have been made to develop the theory to overcome these limitations.
3. Discuss the assumptions, principal results and limitations of the Ross Arbitrage Pricing Theory model (APT).
4. Perform calculations using the CAPM.
(v) Discuss the various forms of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and discuss the evidence for and against the hypothesis.
1. Discuss the three forms of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and their consequences for investment management.
2. Describe briefly the evidence for or against each form of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis.
(vi) Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of stochastic models of the behaviour of security prices.
1. Discuss the continuous time log-normal model of security prices and the empirical evidence for or against the model.
2. Discuss the structure of auto-regressive models of security prices and other economic variables, such as the Wilkie model, and describe the economic justification for such models.
3. Discuss the main alternatives to the models covered in (vi) 1. and (vi) 2. above and describe their strengths and weaknesses.
4. Perform simple calculations involving the models described above.
5. Discuss the main issues involved in estimating parameters for asset pricing models:
data availability
data errors
outliers
stationarity of underlying time series
the role of economic judgement
(vii) Define and apply the main concepts of Brownian motion (or Wiener Processes).
1. Explain the definition and basic properties of standard Brownian motion or Wiener process.
2. Demonstrate a basic understanding of stochastic differential equations, the Ito integral, diffusion and nean-reverting processes.
3. State Ito s formula and be able to apply it to simple problems.
4. Write down the stochastic differential equation for geometric Brownian motion and show how to find its solution.
5. Write down the stochastic differential equation for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and show how to find its solution.
(viii) Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of the properties of option prices, valuation methods and hedging techniques.
1. State what is meant by arbitrage and a complete market.
2. Outline the factors that affect option prices.
3. Derive specific results for options which are not model dependent:
Show how to value a forward contract.
Develop upper and lower bounds for European and American call and put options.
Explain what is meant by put-call parity.
4. Show how to use binomial trees and lattices in valuing options and solve simple examples.
5. Derive the risk-neutral pricing measure for a binomial lattice and describe the riskneutral pricing approach to the pricing of equity options.
6. Explain the difference between the real-world measure and the risk-neutral measure. Explain why the risk-neutral pricing approach is seen as a computational tool (rather than a realistic representation of price dynamics in the real world).
7. State the alternative names for the risk-neutral and state-price deflator approaches to pricing.
8. Demonstrate an understanding of the Black-Scholes derivative-pricing model:
Explain what is meant by a complete market.
Explain what is meant by risk-neutral pricing and the equivalent martingale measure.
Derive the Black-Scholes partial differential equation both in its basic and Garman- Kohlhagen forms.
Demonstrate how to price and hedge a simple derivative contract using the martingale approach.
9. Show how to use the Black-Scholes model in valuing options and solve simple examples.
10. Discuss the validity of the assumptions underlying the Black-Scholes model.
11. Describe and apply in simple models, including the binomial model and the Black-Scholes model, the approach to pricing using deflators and demonstrate its equivalence to the risk-neutral pricing approach.
12. Demonstrate an awareness of the commonly used terminology for the first, and where appropriate second, partial derivatives (the Greeks) of an option price.
13. Describe how the Greeks are used in the risk management of a portfolio of derivatives.
14. Derive the partial derivatives described above for Black-Scholes European option prices and describe their general characteristics.
15. Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of delta-hedging and show how to apply it.
(ix) Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of models of the term structure of interest rates.
1. Describe the desirable characteristics of a model for the term-structure of interest rates.
2. Describe, as a computational tool, the risk-neutral approach to the pricing of zerocoupon bonds and interest-rate derivatives for a general one-factor diffusion model for the risk-free rate of interest.
3. Describe, as a computational tool, the approach using state-price deflators to the pricing of zero-coupon bonds and interest-rate derivatives for a general one-factor diffusion model for the risk-free rate of interest.
4. Demonstrate an awareness of the Vasicek, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross and Hull-White models for the term-structure of interest rates.
5. Discuss the limitations of these one-factor models and show an awareness of how these issues can be addressed.
      
 End of Syllabus

End Result : 34 students appeared and 4 passed. Your grade was FA (1% to 5% below passing marks).

Yeah, I know. Shit Happens!!!

Current Mood:
depressed depressed
* * *

Your Birthdate: June 23

With a birthday on the 23rd of the month (5 energy) you are inclined to work well with people and enjoy them.

You are talented and versatile, very good at presenting ideas.

You may have a tendency to get itchy feet at times and need change and travel.



You tend to be very progressive, imaginative and adaptable.

Your mind is quick, clever and analytical.

A restlessness in your nature may make you a bit impatient and easily bored with routine.

You may have a tendency to shirk responsibility.

Very sociable, you make friends easily and you are an excellent traveling companion.


* * *
An Excellent Article published in this month's The Actuary magazine.

Batting on a statisticky wicket</font>
Jurie Nel puts forward a classification scheme for the consistency of cricket batsmen.

When a cricketer goes out to bat, his career statistics are shown on the television screen. The most important figure quoted is his average score, but nothing is indicated about his consistency. This information, however, should be of considerable interest to the viewer. In this article I shall explain why.

Tossing up</font>
The standard deviation is a good measure of consistency, but in itself it is not useful for comparing players of different abilities. If you averaged 100, for example, your standard deviation would naturally be higher than for someone who averaged 5. Therefore, we need to ‘normalise’ the standard deviation by dividing through by the average score: We calculated a consistency coefficient (CC) statistic for 200 international cricket players using data up to 14 February 2005. In recognition of the notion that bigger is better, we defined the CC as the inverse of the above ratio (so that more consistent players had a higher CC statistic) and we also introduced a slight variation in order to handle any not-out scores. We then allocated cricketers to different classes, both for one-day international (ODI) matches and for test matches, as shown in table 1 above. We then plotted 10 different players’ averages (y-axis) against their CCs (x-axis) – for both ODI and test cricket, as shown in figures 1 and 2.

Image Hosted by ImageShack.us

A declaration</font>
The ODI graph indicates that in one-day cricket, Herschelle Gibbs averages second-lowest of the ten players analysed, with very low consistency around his average. Seeing that he is inconsistent around his average of 35, if may be inferred that he is more likely to produce a score much higher than his average. So in this sense, his inconsistency could be considered a virtue! The above reasoning can also be applied to the selection of players with low averages. As a captain, I might find myself favouring a batsman who scored 10 on average, but with frequent low scores and occasional very high scores, over a batsman who scored consistently 10 every time he played.

Drawing stumps
The CC serves as an additional statistic by which to compare batsmen. In particular, it is very useful when used in conjunction with the average score. With the advances in cricket statistics shown on television screens, the CC may be appropriate for use in cricket broadcasts. It would definitely give cricket fans something else to discuss in postmatch debates in the pavilion.
Image Hosted by ImageShack.us Image Hosted by ImageShack.us

* * *
The lazy guy has got up and prepared a quiz.

Check it out here

http://www.livejournal.com/community/quizbusters/20036.html?mode=reply

* * *

Previous

Advertisement